How media institutions target different audiences?

There are different ways to initiate different target audiences, some holding different strengths and weaknesses which others don't have, enabling institutions to segment audiences for their production. 

Demographic measurements Demographics can be used the positives of this is that they  have  measurbility and hard data where institutions can look at recordings and look at sectors initialising disposable outcome and how to specify their product to them. For example, a music festival may indicate the price of their festival by working out the demographic of people listening to the music artists. Using demographics however has weaknesses to take in, it doesn't consider complexities of lifestyels people have and the proposal of youth income where they cant be accurately fitted into a demographic as they don't earn a permanent income. Furthermore, the categories within demographic could be seen as too broad, not presenting the limitations of interest between people within the same demographic. 

Tribes/ subculture model (channel 4) Tribes and subcultures are another mode to target different audiences, the benefits of narrowing down groups using this allows firstly a precision however, only with the types of lifestyles people have. Subcultures also provide more of an identification of links between music, with people conforming to particular sub-cultures because of the music which is associated with them. Furthermore, this helps create a greater segmentation between target audiences whereas other modes such as demographics do not necessarily provide this. It however, lacks complexities within identities, only generating stereotypes. 

Psychographic model
Young and Rubicam use a model to divide audiences into 7 different category types: the aspirer, the explorer, the redesigned, the reformer, the succeeder, the struggler and the mainstream. The weakness of this model is the fact it is very basic and vague, though it takes a perspective of lifestyle rather than income, it provides difficulty to put people in only one category.

Habits and lifestyle 
YouGov.co.uk use a survey system where they create profiles of music artists for example based on what the public similar tastes around the target. The website gives extreme detail profiles for the person, outlining their music tastes, film interest, political view, class, age and gender. It allows the user to take in account other medias and factors that surround the target person. The model has the benefit of combining information from lifestyle and demographics. It however has the weakness of being inaccurate with some information if only minimal information is collected for the profile and also cannot account for all the complexities of a individuals likes and interests.